"𝑨 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒍𝒚 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 𝒚𝒐𝒖 𝒂 𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒌 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒘𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒉𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝒖𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝑻𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒏𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚, 𝑬𝒏𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈, 𝑨𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝑴𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒔, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒏."
Explore and Enjoy
The Golden Collection is a library of outstanding articles, posters, presentations, and papers submitted to prestigious conferences, showcases, and competitions done by middle and high school students and guided by our own mentors and instructors. The library consists of an estimated 30% of all work related to STEAMS and around 269 pieces across 43 conferences. Among these include 3 publications in the prestigious Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) conference, and 14 presentations are awarded.
Series
𝙲𝙾𝚁𝙾𝙽𝙰𝚅𝙸𝚁𝚄𝚂 𝘩𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘭𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵𝘦𝘥 investigates various underlying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. These projects study how knowledge of the COVID-19 situation correlates with fear, how different-sized companies and sectors are impacted, and how certain demographic factors may have increased anxiety.
ePISODE 1 - hOW ARE FEAR, ANXIETY, AND KNOWLEDGE OF COVID-19 RELATED?
Release Date: July 14, 2020
Introduction
The purpose of this project is to study the relationship between fear, anxiety, and knowledge during the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationship between anxiety, knowledge, and fear related to COVID-19 has been examined in a meta study of the Indian Population concluding that COVID-19 was a stressor but also lacked a complete understanding of the virus and common symptoms. Fear is here defined as an emotion caused by anticipation or awareness of danger. Anxiety is defined as a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome. The separation of these two factors was inspired by research that suggested that fear inhibits pain whereas anxiety enhances it. Additionally, COVID-19 was shown to be a major source of anxiety for college students. The associated changes of lockdown also were shown to be a major stressor. Research into the relationship between perception and accuracy related to the Ebola virus also inspired this research as that research suggested a lack of understanding about the virus. Similarly, there was a study conducted in Trinidad and Tobago concerning knowledge of H1N1 that concluded that there was a general understanding of the virus but a misunderstanding of its spread. These papers inspire further research to examine a high school demographic as this cohort is frequently excluded from the analysis. The concept of this paper is to use statistical analysis to analyze the relationships between emotions and actual understanding.
Abstract
On December 31, 2019, a previously unknown pneumonia was detected for the first time in Wuhan, China. This virus would go on to change the world as we knew it. The relationship between knowledge and fear is one that has been contested with two prevalent schools of thought; is ignorance bliss or; is knowledge security. This project surveyed 109 people of an age demographic from 12-19 and utilized a form for data collection. The form was three parts, the first of which being a background question asking about location and age, the second part was a short seven question background knowledge questionnaire about the virus, and the third part was ranking questions for fear, anxiety, and impact. For this data set, the chi-squared test for association and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient were utilized to assess the data as levels of impact, anxiety and fear are ordinal data. There were highly statistically significant associations between: fear and anxiety; anxiety and accuracy; and fear and accuracy and highly statistically correlations between fear and accuracy and anxiety and accuracy. This project suggests that knowledge is linked to lower anxiety and fear levels.
About the Author
Sophia Risin is a high school student at Stanford Online High School. She is a national certificate of distinction winner from the National Center for Women and Information Technology. She also was the coding director for STEMgirls and is a board member of the STEAMpark teen board. Additionally, Sophia was a teaching assistant for an engineering class at the Stars Challenge. She is also the community engagement editor for the Pixel Journal at Stanford Online High School. She hopes to study philosophy and applied mathematics in the future and work on artificial intelligence.
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/coronavirusepisodeone
Introduction
The purpose of this project is to study the relationship between fear, anxiety, and knowledge during the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationship between anxiety, knowledge, and fear related to COVID-19 has been examined in a meta study of the Indian Population concluding that COVID-19 was a stressor but also lacked a complete understanding of the virus and common symptoms. Fear is here defined as an emotion caused by anticipation or awareness of danger. Anxiety is defined as a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome. The separation of these two factors was inspired by research that suggested that fear inhibits pain whereas anxiety enhances it. Additionally, COVID-19 was shown to be a major source of anxiety for college students. The associated changes of lockdown also were shown to be a major stressor. Research into the relationship between perception and accuracy related to the Ebola virus also inspired this research as that research suggested a lack of understanding about the virus. Similarly, there was a study conducted in Trinidad and Tobago concerning knowledge of H1N1 that concluded that there was a general understanding of the virus but a misunderstanding of its spread. These papers inspire further research to examine a high school demographic as this cohort is frequently excluded from the analysis. The concept of this paper is to use statistical analysis to analyze the relationships between emotions and actual understanding.
Abstract
On December 31, 2019, a previously unknown pneumonia was detected for the first time in Wuhan, China. This virus would go on to change the world as we knew it. The relationship between knowledge and fear is one that has been contested with two prevalent schools of thought; is ignorance bliss or; is knowledge security. This project surveyed 109 people of an age demographic from 12-19 and utilized a form for data collection. The form was three parts, the first of which being a background question asking about location and age, the second part was a short seven question background knowledge questionnaire about the virus, and the third part was ranking questions for fear, anxiety, and impact. For this data set, the chi-squared test for association and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient were utilized to assess the data as levels of impact, anxiety and fear are ordinal data. There were highly statistically significant associations between: fear and anxiety; anxiety and accuracy; and fear and accuracy and highly statistically correlations between fear and accuracy and anxiety and accuracy. This project suggests that knowledge is linked to lower anxiety and fear levels.
About the Author
Sophia Risin is a high school student at Stanford Online High School. She is a national certificate of distinction winner from the National Center for Women and Information Technology. She also was the coding director for STEMgirls and is a board member of the STEAMpark teen board. Additionally, Sophia was a teaching assistant for an engineering class at the Stars Challenge. She is also the community engagement editor for the Pixel Journal at Stanford Online High School. She hopes to study philosophy and applied mathematics in the future and work on artificial intelligence.
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/coronavirusepisodeone
EPISODE 2 - HOW HAVE STOCKS CHANGED FOR different companies DURING COVID-19?
Release Date: July 21, 2020
Introduction
Following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the United States, there was no doubt that the economy was shaken to what Forbes called, “A Market Gone Wild.” Major companies have filed for bankruptcy and “global financial market risks have increased substantially in response to the pandemic.". Even so, it is important to take into account that previous trends in similar scenarios have shown “that often markets will react adversely to these such incidents in the short run but that in the long run, markets eventually correct themselves and increase." Additionally, it is generally assumed that while “in the year prior to the business cycle peak, however, small caps tend to lag,” small-cap firms outperform large caps after an economic trough. However, due to the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, the economy has seemingly been targeted in a manner that differs from previous similar occurrences. Comparable outbreaks such as SARS in 2003 cannot be used for predictions, as the economic landscape in China, and the rest of the world for that matter, have changed drastically in the past seventeen years. Recent analysis has pointed to signs suggesting that “compared with other outbreaks, COVID-19 is having an unprecedented impact on markets” and that “investors’ expectations did not decline as dramatically as in the earlier calculation." Certain sectors such as the health care sector may be expected to see less of a decrease in stock price due to its inevitable necessity, while the energy sector may be presumed to drop in stock price due to its decreasing demand. However, it is important to note that the 2020 Russia-Saudi Arabia oil war occurred on March 8th, around the same time as the COVID-19 recession’s peak, which may have also been a factor in the recent economic decline, particularly in the energy sector.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic has affected different aspects of the stock market at different magnitudes. During the current pandemic, certain industries seem to perform better than others, raising the question of whether all stock market sectors are affected equally by the coronavirus recession. In addition, past stock market trends have shown that in the case of an economic drop, small cap stocks tend to be more affected than large cap stocks. To determine whether these observations have any statistical significance during the COVID- 19 economic chaos, this study looks at whether different sectors of the stock market and stocks of varying sizes are affected differently by the global pandemic. For the first analysis, data was collected by randomly sampling ten stocks from each sector. Following data collection, the average percent decrease of stock price for each sector’s stocks was compared. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the average percent decrease of stock prices in different sectors. Results of this test suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic affected some sectors more than others. For the second portion of this analysis, data was collected on the ten largest cap and ten smallest cap stocks of each sector. The average percent decrease of the ten largest and smallest cap stocks were compared. Six out of eleven sectors were found to be statistically significant, implying that there is a discrepancy between the average percent decrease of stock price between the large and small cap stocks. This result suggests that in more than half of the sectors, larger-cap stocks were affected at a different percentage than smaller cap stocks, specifically that the smaller cap stocks were hit harder than the larger cap stocks.
About the Author
Lily Sun is a USFSA certified Senior Gold Medalist in singles skating. She is a 3 time national competitor in figure skating and a national bronze medalist. Lily is Vice President of the Empathetic Leaders Movement, Co-Founder of SISTER, Head of Media for She Helps Her, Editing Lead for Women in Politics, and Writer/Editor for Women’s Strength.
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/coronavirusepisodetwo
Introduction
Following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the United States, there was no doubt that the economy was shaken to what Forbes called, “A Market Gone Wild.” Major companies have filed for bankruptcy and “global financial market risks have increased substantially in response to the pandemic.". Even so, it is important to take into account that previous trends in similar scenarios have shown “that often markets will react adversely to these such incidents in the short run but that in the long run, markets eventually correct themselves and increase." Additionally, it is generally assumed that while “in the year prior to the business cycle peak, however, small caps tend to lag,” small-cap firms outperform large caps after an economic trough. However, due to the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, the economy has seemingly been targeted in a manner that differs from previous similar occurrences. Comparable outbreaks such as SARS in 2003 cannot be used for predictions, as the economic landscape in China, and the rest of the world for that matter, have changed drastically in the past seventeen years. Recent analysis has pointed to signs suggesting that “compared with other outbreaks, COVID-19 is having an unprecedented impact on markets” and that “investors’ expectations did not decline as dramatically as in the earlier calculation." Certain sectors such as the health care sector may be expected to see less of a decrease in stock price due to its inevitable necessity, while the energy sector may be presumed to drop in stock price due to its decreasing demand. However, it is important to note that the 2020 Russia-Saudi Arabia oil war occurred on March 8th, around the same time as the COVID-19 recession’s peak, which may have also been a factor in the recent economic decline, particularly in the energy sector.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic has affected different aspects of the stock market at different magnitudes. During the current pandemic, certain industries seem to perform better than others, raising the question of whether all stock market sectors are affected equally by the coronavirus recession. In addition, past stock market trends have shown that in the case of an economic drop, small cap stocks tend to be more affected than large cap stocks. To determine whether these observations have any statistical significance during the COVID- 19 economic chaos, this study looks at whether different sectors of the stock market and stocks of varying sizes are affected differently by the global pandemic. For the first analysis, data was collected by randomly sampling ten stocks from each sector. Following data collection, the average percent decrease of stock price for each sector’s stocks was compared. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the average percent decrease of stock prices in different sectors. Results of this test suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic affected some sectors more than others. For the second portion of this analysis, data was collected on the ten largest cap and ten smallest cap stocks of each sector. The average percent decrease of the ten largest and smallest cap stocks were compared. Six out of eleven sectors were found to be statistically significant, implying that there is a discrepancy between the average percent decrease of stock price between the large and small cap stocks. This result suggests that in more than half of the sectors, larger-cap stocks were affected at a different percentage than smaller cap stocks, specifically that the smaller cap stocks were hit harder than the larger cap stocks.
About the Author
Lily Sun is a USFSA certified Senior Gold Medalist in singles skating. She is a 3 time national competitor in figure skating and a national bronze medalist. Lily is Vice President of the Empathetic Leaders Movement, Co-Founder of SISTER, Head of Media for She Helps Her, Editing Lead for Women in Politics, and Writer/Editor for Women’s Strength.
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/coronavirusepisodetwo
EPISODE 3 - How do Anxiety Levels Change Across Different Demographic Levels?
Release Date: July 28, 2020
Introduction
The purpose of this project is to see if there is reason to believe that demographic factors impact anxiety levels. This project was inspired by a recent study on Latent comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms across sex and race/ethnic subgroupings in a national epidemiologic study. There are several common demographic factors in the literature that are associated with variance in anxiety levels. For example, it has been shown that generally "older adults report less worry than younger adults." This study demonstrated a clear association between age and anxiety. A similar meta-analysis has demonstrated that significant variations were found in the prevalence of anxiety and depression across ethnicities and that there is a connection between ethnicity and anxiety levels. In the meantime, a study in Liaoning Province, mainland China showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on anxiety and quality of life among Chinese residents affected while a recent study looked at the association between COVID-19 and anxiety levels but only with gender. Although there is evidence that anxiety levels tend to be higher during COVID-19 pandemic, there is presently no literature documenting whether other demographic factors impact how people experience anxiety differently during a pandemic. The author brings a new perspective by investigating whether certain demographic factors, specifically age, gender, race, ethnicity and geographic location, impact anxiety levels during a pandemic.
Abstract
The world is currently experiencing the scariest pandemic of our decade. Every day, society hears the death toll increasing by the hundreds. With the federal government mandating all non-essential citizens to stay home and not go out, the anxiety level has certainly increased. This paper studies the relationship between 5 demographic factors — race, gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and age — and anxiety levels. An (SurveyMonkey.com) online survey was sent out through Instagram and Facebook. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) survey tool, a well-established validated survey tool to assess anxiety, was used to assess the results of an individual’s level of anxiety. The GAD-7 score represents an anxiety measure based on seven items, each scored from zero to three, resulting in a total score ranging between 0 and 21. To assess the results, the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were utilized because of the major positive skew in the data. After conducting the statistical analyses, the data identified that age, gender, geographic location, and race were all statistically significantly associated with anxiety levels. The author has demonstrated that age, gender, race, ethnicity, and geographic location are associated with anxiety during a pandemic.
About the Author
Amelia Zai has a course from Johns Hopkins Center for Talented youth in Mathematical modeling and has taken Methodology of Science: Biology — a statistics course — with Stanford Online High School. She enjoys playing badminton, doing art, and coding in her spare time. She also frequently spends time tutoring middle school students in math and volunteers at her local food bank for those in need. Amelia would like to further dive into the field of statistics and pursue a career in space medicine.
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/coronavirusepisodethree
Introduction
The purpose of this project is to see if there is reason to believe that demographic factors impact anxiety levels. This project was inspired by a recent study on Latent comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms across sex and race/ethnic subgroupings in a national epidemiologic study. There are several common demographic factors in the literature that are associated with variance in anxiety levels. For example, it has been shown that generally "older adults report less worry than younger adults." This study demonstrated a clear association between age and anxiety. A similar meta-analysis has demonstrated that significant variations were found in the prevalence of anxiety and depression across ethnicities and that there is a connection between ethnicity and anxiety levels. In the meantime, a study in Liaoning Province, mainland China showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on anxiety and quality of life among Chinese residents affected while a recent study looked at the association between COVID-19 and anxiety levels but only with gender. Although there is evidence that anxiety levels tend to be higher during COVID-19 pandemic, there is presently no literature documenting whether other demographic factors impact how people experience anxiety differently during a pandemic. The author brings a new perspective by investigating whether certain demographic factors, specifically age, gender, race, ethnicity and geographic location, impact anxiety levels during a pandemic.
Abstract
The world is currently experiencing the scariest pandemic of our decade. Every day, society hears the death toll increasing by the hundreds. With the federal government mandating all non-essential citizens to stay home and not go out, the anxiety level has certainly increased. This paper studies the relationship between 5 demographic factors — race, gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and age — and anxiety levels. An (SurveyMonkey.com) online survey was sent out through Instagram and Facebook. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) survey tool, a well-established validated survey tool to assess anxiety, was used to assess the results of an individual’s level of anxiety. The GAD-7 score represents an anxiety measure based on seven items, each scored from zero to three, resulting in a total score ranging between 0 and 21. To assess the results, the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were utilized because of the major positive skew in the data. After conducting the statistical analyses, the data identified that age, gender, geographic location, and race were all statistically significantly associated with anxiety levels. The author has demonstrated that age, gender, race, ethnicity, and geographic location are associated with anxiety during a pandemic.
About the Author
Amelia Zai has a course from Johns Hopkins Center for Talented youth in Mathematical modeling and has taken Methodology of Science: Biology — a statistics course — with Stanford Online High School. She enjoys playing badminton, doing art, and coding in her spare time. She also frequently spends time tutoring middle school students in math and volunteers at her local food bank for those in need. Amelia would like to further dive into the field of statistics and pursue a career in space medicine.
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/coronavirusepisodethree
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Conference 𝕊𝕡𝕠𝕥𝕝𝕚𝕘𝕙𝕥
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Season 1 | 2020 IEOM Detroit
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Season 2 | 2020 IEOM Harare
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Conference 𝕊𝕡𝕠𝕥𝕝𝕚𝕘𝕙𝕥 is a series that showcases group submissions from students, published at the same conference. These papers are released through the Collection, and they can be accessed from the drop-down menu.
All 3 episodes of Season 1 and 2 are available now. Season 3 will premiere in Summer 2023. |
EPISODE 1 - Monitoring run-off toxicity using daphnia magna
Release Date: June 25, 2020
Introduction
As our society further develops its infrastructure, pollution is becoming abundant, affecting countless parts of our lives and the Earth’s ecosystem. Our infrastructure has numerous sidewalks, streets, and parking lots that transport many harmful chemicals and plastics from one place to another. Nearby wildlife, including ponds, can be heavily impacted by the run-off waste on our roads, so how toxic is the run-off waste to the local pond life, and what part of our infrastructure is the most toxic to pond life? In this project, the live organism used is the Daphnia magna, a water flea often used to measure toxicity levels of different water solutions in bioassays. These creatures are common primary consumers in ponds, and therefore, they contribute to a sizable part of a pond’s ecosystem. Past research on this topic includes using D. magna to test for chemicals in wastewater treatments. The overall result of the experiment was that only the 100% use of treatment for wastewaters removed any toxicity. This experiment examines the effect of not all wastewater, but just run-off water, without treatment through the use of D. magna.
Abstract
This project investigates the toxicity of sidewalks and parking lots through a bioassay using a living organism. The Daphnia magna, a common water flea, is used to measure the toxicity of sidewalks and parking lots. Their heart rate and deaths are measured to determine the impact our infrastructure has on the D. magna. Since the D. magna are primary consumers, a large portion of the aquatic ecosystem in local ponds and streams is dependent on these organisms for food. In the experiment the organisms were separated into three different groups: control, simulated sidewalk run-off water, and simulated parking lot run-off water. Each of the three groups had an initial amount of 20 D. magna, and a total of three trials were conducted each lasting 72 hours. The heart rates and deaths were measured every 12 hours. Although the overall result for the number of D. magna alive in each cup for the experiment proved insignificant, the individual trials provided statistically significant results on the effect of the sidewalk and parking lots on the organisms.
About the Author
Saloni Patel is a student at Stanford Online Highschool. She has earned awards in local science and engineering fairs, as well as innovation challenges, including Place in the Alameda County Science and Engineering Fair. Saloni’s research interests include pollution and its impact on our world.
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/conferencespotlight_s1e1
Introduction
As our society further develops its infrastructure, pollution is becoming abundant, affecting countless parts of our lives and the Earth’s ecosystem. Our infrastructure has numerous sidewalks, streets, and parking lots that transport many harmful chemicals and plastics from one place to another. Nearby wildlife, including ponds, can be heavily impacted by the run-off waste on our roads, so how toxic is the run-off waste to the local pond life, and what part of our infrastructure is the most toxic to pond life? In this project, the live organism used is the Daphnia magna, a water flea often used to measure toxicity levels of different water solutions in bioassays. These creatures are common primary consumers in ponds, and therefore, they contribute to a sizable part of a pond’s ecosystem. Past research on this topic includes using D. magna to test for chemicals in wastewater treatments. The overall result of the experiment was that only the 100% use of treatment for wastewaters removed any toxicity. This experiment examines the effect of not all wastewater, but just run-off water, without treatment through the use of D. magna.
Abstract
This project investigates the toxicity of sidewalks and parking lots through a bioassay using a living organism. The Daphnia magna, a common water flea, is used to measure the toxicity of sidewalks and parking lots. Their heart rate and deaths are measured to determine the impact our infrastructure has on the D. magna. Since the D. magna are primary consumers, a large portion of the aquatic ecosystem in local ponds and streams is dependent on these organisms for food. In the experiment the organisms were separated into three different groups: control, simulated sidewalk run-off water, and simulated parking lot run-off water. Each of the three groups had an initial amount of 20 D. magna, and a total of three trials were conducted each lasting 72 hours. The heart rates and deaths were measured every 12 hours. Although the overall result for the number of D. magna alive in each cup for the experiment proved insignificant, the individual trials provided statistically significant results on the effect of the sidewalk and parking lots on the organisms.
About the Author
Saloni Patel is a student at Stanford Online Highschool. She has earned awards in local science and engineering fairs, as well as innovation challenges, including Place in the Alameda County Science and Engineering Fair. Saloni’s research interests include pollution and its impact on our world.
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/conferencespotlight_s1e1
Episode 2 - A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF SLEEP ON CHILDREN’S REACTION TIMe
release date: June 28, 2020
Introduction
Sleep loss can have a profound impact on physical and mental health. One physical effect that sleep deprivation can have is on reaction time, or how quickly a person responds to a stimulus. This has been shown to have important effects on activities such as driving, as well as daily activities and aerobic exercise. This project is interested in finding if a relationship exists between how long a child (from between ages 12 and 17) sleeps and their reaction speed. This is of importance because the previously mentioned studies have focused on the effects of sleep deprivation on reaction time in adults rather than in children.
Abstract
The goal of this project is to determine if a relationship exists between one’s reaction time in milliseconds and how long they slept the night before in hours. Over twenty studies on the effect of sleep loss and reaction time confirm a likely association between sleep deprivation and longer reaction times. While it is generally true that a night of poor sleep leads to slower cognitive processing, this project is focused on finding if sleep deprivation has a noticeable effect on children’s (ages 12 through 17) reaction speed. The data was collected from 116 respondents through a Google Form that was posted on Instagram® and sent to Stanford Online High School Skype groups. A Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient test and a Mann-Whitney U-test or Kruskal-Wallis test were conducted for all data groups. The correlation test was used to find a monotonic correlation between sleep and reaction time, and the nonparametric tests compared the medians of different data groups. The results of this project suggest that there is no relationship between sleep and reaction speed in children. This differs from other studies on sleep and reaction time in adults, which could mean that children are less affected by sleep loss.
About the Author
Alina Zhong is a rising sophomore at Stanford Online High School. A music enthusiast, she is a competitive classical guitarist with three years of practice in her toolbelt. Currently, she is a writer in the Yearbook club and the graphics designer for The Ryan Lee Podcast, as well as a contributor to the World Awareness Association blog. Additionally, Alina competed in Public Forum debate for four years and was the Public Forum debate captain of the HuaXia Debate Team. In the future, she plans on studying botany, agriculture, and astronomy in hopes that her future research will help better society.
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/conferencespotlight_s1e2
Introduction
Sleep loss can have a profound impact on physical and mental health. One physical effect that sleep deprivation can have is on reaction time, or how quickly a person responds to a stimulus. This has been shown to have important effects on activities such as driving, as well as daily activities and aerobic exercise. This project is interested in finding if a relationship exists between how long a child (from between ages 12 and 17) sleeps and their reaction speed. This is of importance because the previously mentioned studies have focused on the effects of sleep deprivation on reaction time in adults rather than in children.
Abstract
The goal of this project is to determine if a relationship exists between one’s reaction time in milliseconds and how long they slept the night before in hours. Over twenty studies on the effect of sleep loss and reaction time confirm a likely association between sleep deprivation and longer reaction times. While it is generally true that a night of poor sleep leads to slower cognitive processing, this project is focused on finding if sleep deprivation has a noticeable effect on children’s (ages 12 through 17) reaction speed. The data was collected from 116 respondents through a Google Form that was posted on Instagram® and sent to Stanford Online High School Skype groups. A Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient test and a Mann-Whitney U-test or Kruskal-Wallis test were conducted for all data groups. The correlation test was used to find a monotonic correlation between sleep and reaction time, and the nonparametric tests compared the medians of different data groups. The results of this project suggest that there is no relationship between sleep and reaction speed in children. This differs from other studies on sleep and reaction time in adults, which could mean that children are less affected by sleep loss.
About the Author
Alina Zhong is a rising sophomore at Stanford Online High School. A music enthusiast, she is a competitive classical guitarist with three years of practice in her toolbelt. Currently, she is a writer in the Yearbook club and the graphics designer for The Ryan Lee Podcast, as well as a contributor to the World Awareness Association blog. Additionally, Alina competed in Public Forum debate for four years and was the Public Forum debate captain of the HuaXia Debate Team. In the future, she plans on studying botany, agriculture, and astronomy in hopes that her future research will help better society.
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/conferencespotlight_s1e2
Episode 3 - The Differences in Spatial Memory between 2d and 3d Maze Environments
release date: July 1, 2020
Introduction
The purpose of this study is to explore the differences in spatial and working memory between 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional environments and whether spatial memory is transferred between the environments. A transfer in spatial memory between such environments can be characterized by an improvement in time taken or errors made while navigating a 3D environment, after having successfully completed a two-dimensional task. The use of animal models augmented by a machine in maze learning has been tested for use in neural rehabilitation. Their study shows that the spatial ability of a machine can be integrated with that of a living biological system (a rat) to create an entity with an enhanced level of spatial memory. The link between video games and spatial cognition has been explored for applications in teaching young children about spatial awareness and navigating spaces. They theorize that certain types of video games help improve spatial cognition, which helps verify the methodology for this particular study. The relationship between playing Minecraft and hippocampal activity has been explored. They conclude that navigating a Minecraft world is correlated with improvements in hippocampal activity outside of the game. Spatial memory and visuospatial awareness have been evaluated in 2D and 3D physical and virtual environments, which could have applications in machine learning and artificial intelligence. These four studies help set the ground for this particular one, which aims to illustrate how spatial memory is transferred between 2D and 3D environments, i.e. between a template and a physical or virtual environment. Spatial memory is an essential field of study since studying it shows how neurons in certain areas of the brain work together to form maps of the environment and how they aid us in traversing these maps, especially in a virtual world like Minecraft . This model could theoretically be used to aid drivers, especially new ones, in driving more safely on roads by providing them with a two- and three- dimensional template of a road, which could then simulate traffic conditions. This model would allow drivers to navigate the “maze” of traffic on a road safely and effectively.
Abstract
Spatial memory refers to the pathways in the brain that are needed to plan routes to specific locations and remembering where an object is located. This allows humans to use information about their environment to form a model of that environment with instructions on how to navigate it. To do so, the brain integrates sensory information with a map of the environment, to give information about how to traverse it. This experiment investigates whether spatial memory can be transferred between 2D and 3D environments using the Rey-Osterrieth test and Minecraft. It uses one-way ANOVA tests, a Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, and Model 2 Regression to explore the relationships between different factors on the time taken and errors made in completing the maze. Despite having a small sample size, this project shows a statistically significant positive correlation between a participant’s Rey-Osterrieth score and the number of errors they make on a particular maze. This shows some evidence that spatial memory can be transferred between 2D and 3D environments because of this correlation, but there must be more statistical tests carried out to prove this. These tests include ones that analyze larger datasets, and could shed light on teen hippocampal activity and how spatial memory manifests and is transferred specifically within teen brains.
About the Author
Siddhant Karmali, a rising sophomore at the Stanford University Online High School, has won awards for work on projects in biomimetics and biophysics involving how a biologically inspired machine can follow a route. He has also won fourth place at the regional Brain Bee competition in 2020. He is currently on a water polo team and has won a silver medal at the Junior Olympics during the 2019 season.
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/conferencespotlight_s1e3
Introduction
The purpose of this study is to explore the differences in spatial and working memory between 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional environments and whether spatial memory is transferred between the environments. A transfer in spatial memory between such environments can be characterized by an improvement in time taken or errors made while navigating a 3D environment, after having successfully completed a two-dimensional task. The use of animal models augmented by a machine in maze learning has been tested for use in neural rehabilitation. Their study shows that the spatial ability of a machine can be integrated with that of a living biological system (a rat) to create an entity with an enhanced level of spatial memory. The link between video games and spatial cognition has been explored for applications in teaching young children about spatial awareness and navigating spaces. They theorize that certain types of video games help improve spatial cognition, which helps verify the methodology for this particular study. The relationship between playing Minecraft and hippocampal activity has been explored. They conclude that navigating a Minecraft world is correlated with improvements in hippocampal activity outside of the game. Spatial memory and visuospatial awareness have been evaluated in 2D and 3D physical and virtual environments, which could have applications in machine learning and artificial intelligence. These four studies help set the ground for this particular one, which aims to illustrate how spatial memory is transferred between 2D and 3D environments, i.e. between a template and a physical or virtual environment. Spatial memory is an essential field of study since studying it shows how neurons in certain areas of the brain work together to form maps of the environment and how they aid us in traversing these maps, especially in a virtual world like Minecraft . This model could theoretically be used to aid drivers, especially new ones, in driving more safely on roads by providing them with a two- and three- dimensional template of a road, which could then simulate traffic conditions. This model would allow drivers to navigate the “maze” of traffic on a road safely and effectively.
Abstract
Spatial memory refers to the pathways in the brain that are needed to plan routes to specific locations and remembering where an object is located. This allows humans to use information about their environment to form a model of that environment with instructions on how to navigate it. To do so, the brain integrates sensory information with a map of the environment, to give information about how to traverse it. This experiment investigates whether spatial memory can be transferred between 2D and 3D environments using the Rey-Osterrieth test and Minecraft. It uses one-way ANOVA tests, a Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, and Model 2 Regression to explore the relationships between different factors on the time taken and errors made in completing the maze. Despite having a small sample size, this project shows a statistically significant positive correlation between a participant’s Rey-Osterrieth score and the number of errors they make on a particular maze. This shows some evidence that spatial memory can be transferred between 2D and 3D environments because of this correlation, but there must be more statistical tests carried out to prove this. These tests include ones that analyze larger datasets, and could shed light on teen hippocampal activity and how spatial memory manifests and is transferred specifically within teen brains.
About the Author
Siddhant Karmali, a rising sophomore at the Stanford University Online High School, has won awards for work on projects in biomimetics and biophysics involving how a biologically inspired machine can follow a route. He has also won fourth place at the regional Brain Bee competition in 2020. He is currently on a water polo team and has won a silver medal at the Junior Olympics during the 2019 season.
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/conferencespotlight_s1e3
EPISODE 1 - GENDER IDENTIFICATION AND EMPATHY LEVEL
Release Date: December 23, 2020
Introduction
As our society further develops its infrastructure, pollution is becoming abundant, affecting countless parts of our lives and the Earth’s ecosystem. Our infrastructure has numerous sidewalks, streets, and parking lots that transport many harmful chemicals and plastics from one place to another. Nearby wildlife, including ponds, can be heavily impacted by the run-off waste on our roads, so how toxic is the run-off waste to the local pond life, and what part of our infrastructure is the most toxic to pond life? In this project, the live organism used is the Daphnia magna, a water flea often used to measure toxicity levels of different water solutions in bioassays. These creatures are common primary consumers in ponds, and therefore, they contribute to a sizable part of a pond’s ecosystem. Past research on this topic includes using D. magna to test for chemicals in wastewater treatments. The overall result of the experiment was that only the 100% use of treatment for wastewaters removed any toxicity. This experiment examines the effect of not all wastewater, but just run-off water, without treatment through the use of D. magna.
Abstract
The study discussed below is one that centers around the following research question: Is gender identification at birth correlated with empathy level? In understanding the empathy levels of humans, one can gain insight into the topic of empathy with relation to gender and the role that empathy of different genders plays in human society. Moreover, this study holds the possibility of illustrating that transgender people mentally identify with the empathy levels of an alternative gender, contributing to a higher level of understanding from human society. In understanding those who are transgender more fully, studies such this one could increase societal toleration, allowing transgender people the acceptance they deserve. After collecting dozens of responses via a virtual survey, the collected data was analyzed via the Chi Square Test for Association and the Mann-Whitney U-Test. Ultimately, both tests determined that the collected data was highly statistically significant, indicating that gender identification at birth is correlated with empathy level.
About the Author
Sophia M. Panigrahi is a student at Stanford Online High School. In addition to her passion for biological and medical studies, Sophia is also profoundly interested in a variety of philosophical topics. Currently, Sophia hopes to publish a work-in-progress paper that centers around the philosophical nature of time, and she recently published a paper to the Journal of Double Star Observation. Working with her two sisters, Sophia is also pursuing her interests in art and website design as she aims to launch a charity-based website. Further, Sophia has opened a small, art-based business in recent months. When not focused on academic topics or passion projects, Sophia is dedicated to competitive fencing. Sophia would like to thank any and all readers for their interest in her paper!
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/conferencespotlight_s2e1
Introduction
As our society further develops its infrastructure, pollution is becoming abundant, affecting countless parts of our lives and the Earth’s ecosystem. Our infrastructure has numerous sidewalks, streets, and parking lots that transport many harmful chemicals and plastics from one place to another. Nearby wildlife, including ponds, can be heavily impacted by the run-off waste on our roads, so how toxic is the run-off waste to the local pond life, and what part of our infrastructure is the most toxic to pond life? In this project, the live organism used is the Daphnia magna, a water flea often used to measure toxicity levels of different water solutions in bioassays. These creatures are common primary consumers in ponds, and therefore, they contribute to a sizable part of a pond’s ecosystem. Past research on this topic includes using D. magna to test for chemicals in wastewater treatments. The overall result of the experiment was that only the 100% use of treatment for wastewaters removed any toxicity. This experiment examines the effect of not all wastewater, but just run-off water, without treatment through the use of D. magna.
Abstract
The study discussed below is one that centers around the following research question: Is gender identification at birth correlated with empathy level? In understanding the empathy levels of humans, one can gain insight into the topic of empathy with relation to gender and the role that empathy of different genders plays in human society. Moreover, this study holds the possibility of illustrating that transgender people mentally identify with the empathy levels of an alternative gender, contributing to a higher level of understanding from human society. In understanding those who are transgender more fully, studies such this one could increase societal toleration, allowing transgender people the acceptance they deserve. After collecting dozens of responses via a virtual survey, the collected data was analyzed via the Chi Square Test for Association and the Mann-Whitney U-Test. Ultimately, both tests determined that the collected data was highly statistically significant, indicating that gender identification at birth is correlated with empathy level.
About the Author
Sophia M. Panigrahi is a student at Stanford Online High School. In addition to her passion for biological and medical studies, Sophia is also profoundly interested in a variety of philosophical topics. Currently, Sophia hopes to publish a work-in-progress paper that centers around the philosophical nature of time, and she recently published a paper to the Journal of Double Star Observation. Working with her two sisters, Sophia is also pursuing her interests in art and website design as she aims to launch a charity-based website. Further, Sophia has opened a small, art-based business in recent months. When not focused on academic topics or passion projects, Sophia is dedicated to competitive fencing. Sophia would like to thank any and all readers for their interest in her paper!
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/conferencespotlight_s2e1
Episode 2 - Exploring Emotion and Time Using Brain-Computer Interfaces
release date: December 26, 2020
Introduction
An EEG, or Electroencephalogram is an apparatus that uses electrodes (receptors that you can place on various parts of the head to detect waves from different parts of the brain), to record specific interactions between electrons recorded as electrical impulses. These electrodes connect to a Pre-Amplifier, which allows the very small signal from brain waves to be amplified enough to pass through a filter, making the data digestible for the interface. Next, a second Amplifier allows this new filtered EEG data to be transcribed into a computer. In this experiment, the electrodes will be placed on the bottom of the head and next to the neck to be able to detect Alpha, Beta, Theta, and Gamma waves (all of which correlate different activities which can be drawn to correlation of separate emotions). These brain patterns are the most detectable from surfaces above the from the occipital lobe, more electrodes will be placed on the top of the head, and on the sides of the head all to detect waves coming from the limbic system, or more directly the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and cingulate gyrus all of which are mainly known for being in charge of our brains process of what we know as emotion.
Abstract
For the last few hundred years emotional intensity and reaction have often been attached to hormonal teenagers going through puberty or even people with higher social sensitivity. As society progresses, variables like time of day are more common as standards of structure. Specific Correlations of emotions to hours and segmented periods of temporal change has been labeled as a psychological staple of all humans, dating back to the applications of the Ancient Greeks. These tests compare two very important aspects of life, the unpredictable and spontaneous nature of emotions, and the ordered structure of our 12 hour time schedule. These different emotions being anger, happiness, disgust, and sadness, which are induced using various Medias. A Spearman rank correlation coefficient test is used to understand statistically significant correlations between the two variables. Then, an ANOVA Test is utilized to certify that the subjects used in the experiment were not more “emotional” or more receptive to certain emotions than the other. This is important to add because of emotion’s boundless nature. This project finally concludes that the specific time of day does not necessarily correlate to emotion, but rather that emotion is a much stronger virtue of the mind than previously thought.
About the Author
Arhan Surapaneni is a sophomore at Stanford University’s Online High School. He is leader of various clubs leading from Neuroscience, to International Medicine Olympiad, he has also edited and created the curriculum for various programming camps, as well as a teaching assistant for various courses, working with projects on public health with University of Washington. He hopes to study Neuroscience and go on towards medical school later in college.
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/conferencespotlight_s2e2
Introduction
An EEG, or Electroencephalogram is an apparatus that uses electrodes (receptors that you can place on various parts of the head to detect waves from different parts of the brain), to record specific interactions between electrons recorded as electrical impulses. These electrodes connect to a Pre-Amplifier, which allows the very small signal from brain waves to be amplified enough to pass through a filter, making the data digestible for the interface. Next, a second Amplifier allows this new filtered EEG data to be transcribed into a computer. In this experiment, the electrodes will be placed on the bottom of the head and next to the neck to be able to detect Alpha, Beta, Theta, and Gamma waves (all of which correlate different activities which can be drawn to correlation of separate emotions). These brain patterns are the most detectable from surfaces above the from the occipital lobe, more electrodes will be placed on the top of the head, and on the sides of the head all to detect waves coming from the limbic system, or more directly the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and cingulate gyrus all of which are mainly known for being in charge of our brains process of what we know as emotion.
Abstract
For the last few hundred years emotional intensity and reaction have often been attached to hormonal teenagers going through puberty or even people with higher social sensitivity. As society progresses, variables like time of day are more common as standards of structure. Specific Correlations of emotions to hours and segmented periods of temporal change has been labeled as a psychological staple of all humans, dating back to the applications of the Ancient Greeks. These tests compare two very important aspects of life, the unpredictable and spontaneous nature of emotions, and the ordered structure of our 12 hour time schedule. These different emotions being anger, happiness, disgust, and sadness, which are induced using various Medias. A Spearman rank correlation coefficient test is used to understand statistically significant correlations between the two variables. Then, an ANOVA Test is utilized to certify that the subjects used in the experiment were not more “emotional” or more receptive to certain emotions than the other. This is important to add because of emotion’s boundless nature. This project finally concludes that the specific time of day does not necessarily correlate to emotion, but rather that emotion is a much stronger virtue of the mind than previously thought.
About the Author
Arhan Surapaneni is a sophomore at Stanford University’s Online High School. He is leader of various clubs leading from Neuroscience, to International Medicine Olympiad, he has also edited and created the curriculum for various programming camps, as well as a teaching assistant for various courses, working with projects on public health with University of Washington. He hopes to study Neuroscience and go on towards medical school later in college.
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/conferencespotlight_s2e2
Episode 3 - Ocean Acidification and Brine Shrimp
release date: December 29, 2020
Introduction
Throughout the course of human habituation on earth, humans have seemingly thrived. While the constant advancement in human innovation has led to improved human livelihood, these advancements have also taken a huge toll on the environment. To study these issues, the growing environmental impact of ocean acidification was investigated. Specifically, simulated conditions were created to monitor common brine shrimp survival in controlled environments with varying levels of acidification. The world's oceans absorb approximately one-third of the world’s carbon dioxide supply, and the absorption of this carbon dioxide comes at a cost. Ocean acidification, or “the other CO2 problem,” is a major problem that has accompanied the increase in human populations and the resulting carbon dioxide levels for centuries, worsening as human populations continue to grow. As a result, ocean acidification has contributed to the destruction of organisms, habitats, and ecosystems in our world’s oceans. Further, ocean acidification has led to numerous mass extinctions as well as a decrease in calcification, the process by which organisms create calcium carbonate, a critical component of marine animal’s shells. For example, ocean acidification was likely responsible in part for the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction. A decrease in calcification means that Cretaceous organisms are unable or less likely to be able to produce their protective shells. Because ocean acidification is such a prominent problem but receives so little attention, the main study objective was to simulate the effects of increased acid levels on our ocean on marine wildlife.
Abstract
This study was motivated by the primary investigator’s love for the environment. Specifically, an interest in ocean acidification led to the process described in which common brine shrimp were used to simulate the impact of acidification on the world’s oceans. Through the use of white, distilled vinegar acting as the “acidification” for the simulated conditions, three populations of brine shrimp were monitored before, during, and after varying levels of acid were added to their individual habitats. Analyses of the data utilizing the Kruskal-Wallis Tests and Chi-Square Test for Association were implemented to compare the effect of acid levels on brine shrimp survival. The results demonstrated statistically significant differences in the survival between the populations of brine shrimp as a function of varying acid concentrations utilizing the Kruskall-Wallis method. Further, the results of the Chi-Square Test for Association demonstrated an association between the acid levels and brine shrimp populations. This investigation is significant because it provides insight into the damage that ocean acidification can cause to oceanic organisms and is demonstrative of the impact humans might be having on our global environment.
About the Author
Emersen M. Panigrahi is a student at Stanford Online High School. Besides being a student interested in marine life and the effect of humans on the environment, she also finds herself interested in biological sciences and genetic engineering. Emersen is also a competitive fencer as well as a dedicated, aspiring photographer. She has co-written a speckle interferometry paper and is currently working on a medical paper. In addition, Emersen is currently attempting to enter the world of business as she prepares to start her first business as she and her siblings attempt to launch their first charitable website. Emersen is thankful for the opportunity to publish this paper!
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/conferencespotlight_s2e3
Introduction
Throughout the course of human habituation on earth, humans have seemingly thrived. While the constant advancement in human innovation has led to improved human livelihood, these advancements have also taken a huge toll on the environment. To study these issues, the growing environmental impact of ocean acidification was investigated. Specifically, simulated conditions were created to monitor common brine shrimp survival in controlled environments with varying levels of acidification. The world's oceans absorb approximately one-third of the world’s carbon dioxide supply, and the absorption of this carbon dioxide comes at a cost. Ocean acidification, or “the other CO2 problem,” is a major problem that has accompanied the increase in human populations and the resulting carbon dioxide levels for centuries, worsening as human populations continue to grow. As a result, ocean acidification has contributed to the destruction of organisms, habitats, and ecosystems in our world’s oceans. Further, ocean acidification has led to numerous mass extinctions as well as a decrease in calcification, the process by which organisms create calcium carbonate, a critical component of marine animal’s shells. For example, ocean acidification was likely responsible in part for the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction. A decrease in calcification means that Cretaceous organisms are unable or less likely to be able to produce their protective shells. Because ocean acidification is such a prominent problem but receives so little attention, the main study objective was to simulate the effects of increased acid levels on our ocean on marine wildlife.
Abstract
This study was motivated by the primary investigator’s love for the environment. Specifically, an interest in ocean acidification led to the process described in which common brine shrimp were used to simulate the impact of acidification on the world’s oceans. Through the use of white, distilled vinegar acting as the “acidification” for the simulated conditions, three populations of brine shrimp were monitored before, during, and after varying levels of acid were added to their individual habitats. Analyses of the data utilizing the Kruskal-Wallis Tests and Chi-Square Test for Association were implemented to compare the effect of acid levels on brine shrimp survival. The results demonstrated statistically significant differences in the survival between the populations of brine shrimp as a function of varying acid concentrations utilizing the Kruskall-Wallis method. Further, the results of the Chi-Square Test for Association demonstrated an association between the acid levels and brine shrimp populations. This investigation is significant because it provides insight into the damage that ocean acidification can cause to oceanic organisms and is demonstrative of the impact humans might be having on our global environment.
About the Author
Emersen M. Panigrahi is a student at Stanford Online High School. Besides being a student interested in marine life and the effect of humans on the environment, she also finds herself interested in biological sciences and genetic engineering. Emersen is also a competitive fencer as well as a dedicated, aspiring photographer. She has co-written a speckle interferometry paper and is currently working on a medical paper. In addition, Emersen is currently attempting to enter the world of business as she prepares to start her first business as she and her siblings attempt to launch their first charitable website. Emersen is thankful for the opportunity to publish this paper!
READ THE FULL PAPER - tiny.cc/conferencespotlight_s2e3
Watch the Tutorial
To help you navigate the collection, we have created a short 2-minute video that we strongly encourage you to watch before exploring the collection.
Featured Projects
Self-Driving Car Robotics Simulation
Worked on from 2014 to 2016, this was the first project to be completed by any of our students. It uses Mindstorm EV3 Robotics and Programming to simulate self-driving technology and utilizes the DMAIC problem-solving approach. |
Chocolate: The Anti-Heart Disease Warrior
Having won 5 first place awards and been presented over 10 times, Chocolate: The Anti-Heart Disease Warrior is our most successful project. This project studies the effect of eating chocolate on heart disease using scientific research and the neural network model. |
Statistical Analysis on Hawaii Crime Rates
One of our newer projects is on statistical crime analysis, which originally studied the correlation between crime rate and population throughout different states. Now, it focuses on studying the crime pattern in Hawaii due to its distinctively high burglary and larceny rate. |
Swing Quality Factor: Modeling for Baseball Pitchers
Swing Quality Factor was a collaboration with former MLB player Chi-Wei (Robin) Hu who played for the Tampa Bay Rays. Using several baseball statistics such as pitch type and velocity, this project predicts the batter's "swing" quality based on the pitch. |